Protocols
AOD-9604 protocols in the published literature
StatusTrials discontinued
PeptideHound Staff · Last editorially reviewed · 13 sources
No source among the research behind this page sets out a dosing schedule for AOD-9604 (anti-obesity drug 9604), and the amounts circulating under that name are not drawn from a human study. What the literature holds is rodent and rabbit work, together with a development history that reached early human testing and then went quiet.
The animal figures are specific, and most of them are per kilogram of animal. In obese Zucker rats, daily treatment with an oral dose of AOD9604 of 500 microg/kg body weight for 19 days reduced over 50% body weight gain of the animals in comparison with the control. In obese mice, the material went in through implanted mini-osmotic pumps across fourteen days. A rabbit knee study injected 0.25 mg AOD9604 straight into the joint, once a week.
Read the rodent outcome precisely, because it is the part repeated wrongly most often. What those experiments reduced was body weight gain in animals, measured against controls on the same diet, which is not the same measurement as weight coming off a person already carrying it. AOD-9604 did reach people: a 2004 industry note records that by February 2002, phase IIa trials were underway, and a 2006 review lists it among compounds then in clinical trials.
It carries no regulatory approval for physique- or performance-related indications, and a 2015 analytical paper states that it is banned by the World Anti-doping Agency (WADA). The same paper notes that the peptide is available on several Internet websites and was recently identified in confiscated vials in the USA.
Evidence: Not dosing guidance · no established human amount, frequency or duration · every figure below is an experimental parameter from a rat, mouse or rabbit study · development reached phase IIa trials in 2002
How much AOD-9604 do you take per day?
animal model
Nothing among the research behind this page answers that for a person. No human dosing schedule for AOD-9604 appears in the literature, and the daily figures that do exist belong to animals of a known weight on a controlled diet. The clearest of them comes from a 2000 study. In obese Zucker rats, daily treatment with an oral dose of AOD9604 of 500 microg/kg body weight for 19 days reduced over 50% body weight gain of the animals in comparison with the control.1 That figure is per kilogram of rat, swallowed rather than injected, in a strain bred to become obese. A 2026 review of peptides marketed direct to patients states the general position plainly: many unapproved peptides demonstrate favorable tissue repair and metabolic outcomes in animal models, but rigorous human safety data are scarce.12 A daily amount is a human question, and the work that would answer it has not been published rather than being withheld.
What amounts of AOD-9604 were used in the animal studies?
animal model
Four experiments carry a usable figure between them, and no two of them used the same route of delivery. The 2000 rat work used an oral dose of AOD9604 of 500 microg/kg body weight for 19 days.1 A 2001 mouse study took a different approach: obese and lean mice were treated with hGH, AOD or saline for 14 days using mini-osmotic pumps, which deliver a continuous trickle instead of a daily amount.2 A second 2001 mouse paper reports 14 d of chronic ip administration, meaning repeated injection into the abdominal cavity.3 The outlier is a joint experiment. In a rabbit knee model, weekly injections of 0.6 mL saline, 6 mg hyaluronic acid, 0.25 mg AOD9604, and 0.25 mg AOD9604 combined with hyaluronic acid were administered for 4-7 weeks.10 That 0.25 mg went into one joint rather than into the circulation, which is why it is written as a flat figure instead of a per-kilogram one.
| Study | Animals | Route | Amount studied | Length |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000 study | Obese Zucker rats | By mouth, daily | 500 microg/kg body weight | 19 days |
| 2001 study | Obese and lean mice | Mini-osmotic pump, a continuous trickle | No daily amount | 14 days |
| Second 2001 study | Mice | Repeated injection into the abdominal cavity | Not stated | 14 days |
| Rabbit knee study | Rabbits | Weekly injection into one knee joint | 0.25 mg, a flat figure | 4-7 weeks |
How much AOD-9604 is used for weight loss?
animal model
Every weight-related figure on record comes from an animal, and the amounts attached to them do not transfer. In obese Zucker rats the schedule was 500 micrograms per kilogram by mouth, daily, for nineteen days. In mice the delivery was continuous instead, and both hGH and AOD significantly reduced body weight gain in obese mice across that fortnight.2 A companion paper reports that hGH and AOD9604 can reduce body weight and body fat in obese mice following 14 d of chronic ip administration.3 What is missing is the step between those protocols and a person. A 2026 review of growth-hormone-axis peptides summarises commonly reported dosing patterns, then sorts the compounds into evidence tiers from regulatory-grade randomized trial data to a complete absence of human studies.13 A reported pattern describes what circulates rather than what has been measured, and this page converts no animal figure into a human one.
How much weight can you lose on AOD-9604?
animal model
No study among the research behind this page has measured weight change in a person given AOD-9604, so there is no figure available to quote. What exists instead is an animal result, and interpreting it accurately is the whole of the answer. In obese Zucker rats, nineteen days of daily oral material reduced over 50% body weight gain of the animals in comparison with the control.1 Read that carefully, because the measurement is accumulated weight gain, in a strain bred specifically to put weight on, scored against untreated controls eating an identical diet. It describes a slower climb rather than a descent. The mouse work points the same way. Both hGH and AOD significantly reduced body weight gain in obese mice, and that result was associated with increased in vivo fat oxidation and increased plasma glycerol levels in those mice.2 Slowing accumulation in a rodent and removing fat a person is already carrying are entirely different questions, and only the first of them has been investigated.
Is there an AOD-9604 dosage chart or PDF?
review
Not one issued by a trial, a regulator or a manufacturer. The published record holds four animal protocols and nothing that maps a body, a goal or a week number onto an amount. The development history explains why. A 2004 industry note records only that Metabolic is developing AOD-9604 for the potential treatment of obesity, and that by February 2002, phase IIa trials were underway.4 A 2006 review of obesity compounds in development lists a human growth hormone fragment (AOD-9604) that increases adipose tissue breakdown, and a second 2006 review states that drugs that improve adipose tissue function or fatty acid metabolism (e.g., AOD9604) also are in clinical trials.56 A compound whose published human record stops at notes of that kind leaves behind registrations and reviews rather than a dosing document. A chart assembled downstream of it has nothing underneath, which is a different situation from a chart that simplifies a schedule somebody actually ran.
Is the amount different for women?
animal model
Nothing among the research behind this page addresses that for AOD-9604. No study among the research behind this page has compared amounts between men and women, and the question was not put to the animal work either. What the animal papers record is strain and body condition rather than sex. The rat experiment used obese Zucker rats, a line bred to gain weight.1 The mouse experiments used obese (ob/ob) and lean C57BL/6J mice, which are two genetic lines rather than two sexes, and the comparison being drawn was between fat and lean animals.2 So a figure presented as a women's amount has been produced by somebody dividing or trimming a number that was never measured in a person of either sex. That is arithmetic performed on an animal protocol rather than a finding about anybody, and the distinction matters more than the figure it produces.
How was AOD-9604 given in the studies?
animal model
Four routes appear in the record, and no two experiments used the same one. The rat study used an oral dose, swallowed rather than injected.1 One mouse study used mini-osmotic pumps, which are implanted and release material steadily.2 A second used chronic ip administration, meaning injection into the abdominal cavity.3 The rabbit study used intra-articular AOD9604 injections using ultrasound guidance, which means the material went directly into the joint space.10 Route governs what reaches tissue and over what period, so a figure cannot be lifted out of one and attached to another. A continuous pump and a once-daily injection can deliver the same total quantity along completely different curves, and no published work on this compound has compared the two.
How far did AOD-9604 get in human trials?
review
Into early-phase testing, and the published trail thins sharply after that. A 2004 industry note records that by February 2002, phase IIa trials were underway.4 A 2006 review states that drugs which improve adipose tissue function or fatty acid metabolism, AOD9604 among them, also are in clinical trials.6 A 2007 review of antiobesity compounds in clinical development lists human growth hormone fragment (AOD9604) in the same bracket.7 Two decades later the position has not moved on. A 2026 orthopaedic review of therapeutic peptides, which covers AOD-9604 among them, states that although preclinical studies are promising, there is a current lack of clinical trials.11 That is the shape of the record: a compound that entered human testing, and a literature that still reports animal results when asked what it does.
How do you reconstitute AOD-9604?
review
The arithmetic is the same as for any freeze-dried peptide, and it is the one part of this page with a definite answer. Two numbers go in: the quantity of dry material stated on the vial, and the volume of bacteriostatic water added to it. Dividing the first by the second produces the concentration. A vial stated at 5 mg, reconstituted with 2 mL of water, holds 2.5 mg in every millilitre, which is 2,500 mcg per millilitre, since one milligram is a thousand micrograms. Alter the volume of water and the concentration alters with it. That calculation assumes the stated quantity is accurate, and for this compound the assumption has been examined directly. A 2026 review describes the uncertainty surrounding product composition, dose, and stacking practices in unregulated supply chains.13 A 2015 analytical paper records that the peptide is available on several Internet websites and was recently identified in confiscated vials in the USA.9 The arithmetic is exact; what it runs on may not be.
How do mg, mcg and syringe units relate?
animal model
Micrograms are where this compound's published figures live, which makes the conversion worth getting right. The rat protocol was written as an oral dose of AOD9604 of 500 microg/kg body weight, and a microgram is one thousandth of a milligram.1 Milligrams and micrograms measure the peptide, millilitres measure the liquid holding it, and the markings on an insulin syringe measure volume alone. A U-100 syringe divides a single millilitre into 100 units, so each unit is one hundredth of a millilitre. Multiplying that fraction by the concentration of the reconstituted vial converts a marking on the barrel into a quantity of peptide. Two vials of identical stated size, reconstituted with different volumes of water, produce different concentrations, so the same marking on the same syringe represents a different quantity in each. The unit has not changed; the liquid behind it has.
Why the animal amounts cannot be converted to a person
animal model
Because each published figure carries conditions that do not travel with it, and removing them does not leave a smaller version of the same number. Begin with the species. The rat work used obese Zucker rats and the mouse work used obese (ob/ob) and lean C57BL/6J animals, every one of them a genetic model selected so that an effect would be visible at all.12 Then the route, which ran from an oral dose to a continuous pump to an injection into the abdominal cavity to intra-articular AOD9604 injections using ultrasound guidance.10 Then the measurement, which was body weight gain against a control rather than weight lost by anybody. A per-kilogram figure multiplied by a person's body weight produces a number, and that number carries none of those conditions with it. This page publishes no such conversion, and no published work on AOD-9604 has validated one.
What is in a vial sold as AOD-9604?
human case report
Not a settled question, and it has been looked at more than once. A 2015 paper sets out what the peptide should be. It is a peptide consisting of the C-terminal fragment of human growth hormone from amino acids 177-191 with an additional tyrosine residue at the N-terminus of the peptide.9 That is the identity a vial has to match. The same paper says the peptide is available on several Internet websites and was recently identified in confiscated vials in the USA, and that it is banned by the World Anti-doping Agency (WADA).9 A 2014 case report covers peptide drugs in unknown pharmaceutical preparations seized by the Belgian authorities, and AOD9604 is its subject.8 A 2026 review adds the uncertainty surrounding product composition, dose, and stacking practices in unregulated supply chains.13 An amount means little without a known identity and strength behind it. For this one, both have been in doubt.
Why do the reported amounts vary so much?
animal model
Three reasons, and species is only the first of them. Route is the largest. The published figures include an oral dose of AOD9604 of 500 microg/kg body weight, a pump implanted for 14 d of chronic ip administration in a second experiment, and 0.25 mg AOD9604 placed straight into a rabbit knee.13 Those are not four strengths of one protocol; they are four separate experiments with four designs. Purpose is the second. The rodent work was testing fat metabolism while the rabbit work was testing cartilage, and intra-articular AOD9604 injections using ultrasound guidance enhanced cartilage regeneration in that rabbit model.10 Different endpoints select different amounts. Doping-control work is the third, and it is the easiest to misread. Those papers quote concentrations such as a limit of detection of 50 pg/mL in urine, which describes what an instrument can see rather than anything administered to a person.9
What we don’t know
The gaps in the evidence matter as much as the findings.
- 01What amount does anything in a person. No trial among the research behind this page attaches an amount of AOD-9604 to a measured result in people, so there is no human figure to report.
- 02Whether the rodent result transfers at all. Those experiments reduced weight gain in animals bred to gain weight, and that is a different measurement from weight lost by someone already carrying it.
- 03What a daily schedule would look like. Two of the four animal protocols used continuous delivery from an implanted pump, which has no daily equivalent.
- 04Whether sex changes anything. The animal papers record strain and body condition rather than sex, and no comparison between men and women has been published.
- 05What happens past nineteen days. That is the longest animal course on record, and nothing among the research behind this page follows a longer one.
- 06Whether a cycle or a break matters. No study among the research behind this page has tested an interval, so there is no schedule of that kind to describe.
- 07What is inside a vial. AOD-9604 has been identified in confiscated vials in the USA and in preparations seized by the Belgian authorities, and a 2026 review describes continuing uncertainty about composition and stated amount.
- 08Whether the joint result has any bearing on fat. The 0.25 mg figure went into a rabbit knee and was read as cartilage, not as body weight.
Sources
- 1Metabolic studies of a synthetic lipolytic domain (AOD9604) of human growth hormone Horm Res 2000. doi:10.1159/000053183animal model
- 2Increase of fat oxidation and weight loss in obese mice caused by chronic treatment with human growth hormone or a modified C-terminal fragment Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2001. doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0801740animal model
- 3The effects of human GH and its lipolytic fragment (AOD9604) on lipid metabolism following chronic treatment in obese mice and beta(3)-AR knock-out mice Endocrinology 2001. doi:10.1210/endo.142.12.8522animal model
- 4AOD-9604 Metabolic Curr Opin Investig Drugs 2004. PMID 15134286review
- 5Obesity drugs in clinical development Curr Opin Investig Drugs 2006. PMID 16625817review
- 6Potential role of new therapies in modifying cardiovascular risk in overweight patients with metabolic risk factors Obesity (Silver Spring) 2006. doi:10.1038/oby.2006.294review
- 7[Obesity: a review of currently used antiobesity drugs and new compounds in clinical development] Postepy Hig Med Dosw (Online) 2007. PMID 17971763review
- 8Identification and characterization of peptide drugs in unknown pharmaceutical preparations seized by the Belgian authorities: case report on AOD9604 Drug Test Anal 2014. doi:10.1002/dta.1687human case report
- 9Detection and in vitro metabolism of AOD9604 Drug Test Anal 2015. doi:10.1002/dta.1715primary research
- 10Effect of Intra-articular Injection of AOD9604 with or without Hyaluronic Acid in Rabbit Osteoarthritis Model Ann Clin Lab Sci 2015. PMID 26275694animal model
- 11Therapeutic Peptides in Orthopaedics: Applications, Challenges, and Future Directions J Am Acad Orthop Surg Glob Res Rev 2026. doi:10.5435/JAAOSGlobal-D-25-00236review
- 12Safety and Efficacy of Approved and Unapproved Peptide Therapies for Musculoskeletal Injuries and Athletic Performance Sports Med 2026. doi:10.1007/s40279-026-02437-0review
- 13The emerging landscape of performance-enhancing peptides modulating GH-IGF1 axis: bridging the gap between clinical evidence and patient self-administration Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2026. doi:10.3389/fendo.2026.1822475review
