Sourcing
Sourcing AOD-9604: what to verify
StatusTrials discontinued
PeptideHound Staff · Last editorially reviewed · 12 sources
AOD-9604 (anti-obesity drug 9604) cannot be bought as an approved medicine anywhere, because its development stopped after early human trials and no version reached a pharmacy. Everything on sale under the name is unlicensed material, and this page names no seller, carries no prices, and sets out what a buyer can actually check.
The molecule itself is well defined. A 2015 paper describes it as the C-terminal fragment of human growth hormone from amino acids 177-191 with an additional tyrosine residue at the N-terminus, which is the identity any laboratory report has to confirm.
What sits inside retail vials is a different matter. Doping laboratories have met it in seized preparations in Belgium and in confiscated vials in the USA, and a 2026 review names uncertainty about product composition and dose in unregulated supply chains as a standing problem.
No study, regulator or register among the research behind this page evaluates any seller. A certificate of analysis can settle what one sample contained, and nothing more.
Evidence: No approved or pharmacy version among the research behind this page · 1 published identity method, built for doping control · 2 seizure reports, Belgium 2014 and USA 2015 · no seller evaluated by any study, agency or register in these sources · no published price
Where can I buy AOD-9604 peptide?
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Only from unlicensed sources, because no licensed one exists. That is the plain answer, and it shapes everything else about the purchase. A 2015 paper notes that the peptide is available on several Internet websites, and that it was recently identified in confiscated vials in the USA.1 A 2026 review describes the wider market it belongs to, where performance-enhancing drugs (PEDs) marketed as "research compounds" include unregulated peptides intended to modulate the growth hormone-insulin-like growth factor-1 (GH-IGF-1) axis.2 So the question is not which shop is the approved one, because none is. The useful question is what can be checked about any vial, wherever it came from, and that is what the rest of this page sets out.
Why are no AOD-9604 sellers named on this page?
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Because no published measurement we could find would let us rank them honestly. A ranking needs a measurement, and none exists for any seller of this compound in the research behind this page. The closest thing to a survey is a 2026 review of peptides marketed direct to patients, which covers AOD-9604 by name and describes a parallel "gray market" of unapproved compounds operating largely outside of regulatory oversight.3 Outside oversight means nobody is obliged to test, register or disclose. Reviews, star ratings and forum reputations are not measurements of what is in a vial. They describe how buyers felt rather than what a laboratory found, and that is why this page gives a method instead of a name.
Is there an approved or pharmacy version of AOD-9604?
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No. It was worked on as a weight-loss medicine and the work stopped before it got that far, so there is no pharmacy version to hold a vial up against. The clearest development record among these sources is a 2004 note stating that Metabolic is developing AOD-9604 for the potential treatment of obesity, with phase IIa trials underway by February 2002.4 A 2012 obesity review keeps the line clear, discussing the FDA approved anti-obesity drugs and, separately, recent patents which include AOD9604.5 A 2026 endocrinology review states the current position for this group as the absence of regulatory approval for physique- or performance-related indications.2 A patent is a claim to own an idea rather than a licence to sell it. So a listing that calls AOD-9604 an approved product is talking about a thing that was never made, and that one line is worth reading as a warning sign about the rest of the page.
Who made the AOD-9604 used in the studies?
animal model
Laboratories and a development company, working with material made for experiments, and none of it is what a buyer receives. The first rat paper describes a synthetic analogue (AOD9604) of the lipolytic domain of human growth hormone (hGH), meaning a lab-made copy of the fat-releasing section of the hormone.6 Later reviews tie the clinical programme to one developer, noting simply that Metabolic is developing AOD-9604 for the potential treatment of obesity.4 That matters for a buyer in one specific way. Every result on the AOD-9604 overview came from material made to a research specification by the people running the study. A retail vial has no link to that chain, so the results cannot be borrowed by it, whatever the label says.
What molecule should a vial of AOD-9604 contain?
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A specific sixteen-unit chain, and a laboratory report should name it rather than just print the trade name. A 2015 analytical paper defines AOD9604 as a peptide consisting of the C-terminal fragment of human growth hormone from amino acids 177-191 with an additional tyrosine residue at the N-terminus of the peptide.1 A 2026 review labels the same thing the growth hormone (GH) fragment - AOD9604 (hGH 176-191), counting the added tyrosine as position 176.2 For a buyer the practical point is this. Both labels describe one molecule, so either can appear on a genuine report. A report giving only a purity percentage and the name AOD-9604, with no sequence or mass, has not shown which molecule was in the sample, and that is the gap to look for first.
Has material sold as AOD-9604 been analysed?
human case report
Yes, twice in the research behind this page, and both times by laboratories working for enforcement rather than for buyers. A 2014 paper reports the identification and characterization of peptide drugs in unknown pharmaceutical preparations seized by the Belgian authorities, as a case report on AOD9604.7 A 2015 paper reports that the peptide was recently identified in confiscated vials in the USA.1 Neither abstract gives a purity figure, a dose check or a contamination result that a buyer could compare against. Read those reports for what they establish. They confirm that material under this name was circulating and that laboratories could identify it. They do not tell a reader whether the vials held the stated amount, or whether any vial on sale today resembles the ones that were seized.
What does a certificate of analysis establish?
primary research
A certificate of analysis is a laboratory's report on one sample from one batch, on one date. Its value depends on three things it should state: what was tested, by what method, and by whom. Purity is usually measured by liquid chromatography, which separates a sample into its parts and reports what share is the main peak. Identity needs mass spectrometry, which weighs the molecule and so can tell the right sequence from a near miss. Doping chemists describe the same toolkit, noting that approaches employing chromatographic-mass spectrometric, electrophoretic, immunological and combined test methods have been required and developed for peptides of this kind.8 A purity figure without an identity result says a vial is mostly one thing rather than that it is the right thing. And no certificate, however good, says anything about what the compound does once injected.
How do you check a certificate against the vial?
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The first thing to compare is the batch or lot number. The number on the vial and the number on the report must match, or the report is about material that is not in your hand. Next, check that the report names the analyte by sequence or expected mass, gives a test date, and names the method for both purity and identity. Then check the laboratory. A report printed on a seller's own letterhead is a claim about a test rather than evidence of one, while a named outside laboratory can be contacted with the batch number and asked whether it issued that document. The clinical literature gives the reason this step matters, naming uncertainty surrounding product composition, dose, and stacking practices in unregulated supply chains.2 None of these checks proves sterility, which needs a separate test that most peptide reports do not include.
Can a laboratory tell AOD-9604 from its breakdown products?
primary research
Yes, and the one published method shows why that question is worth asking of any report. A 2015 study found that six potential metabolites of the peptide were identified after incubation of AOD9604 in serum and urine, meaning six smaller pieces it breaks into.1 One of them, a single metabolite consisting of amino acids CRSVEGSCG, proved significantly more stable than the other metabolites or the parent compound.1 That work was done in blood and urine rather than in vials, and it was built for drug testing rather than for buyers. But it shows the peptide does come apart into fragments, and that a method weighing each piece can tell them apart. A purity test that cannot separate the whole chain from its pieces would miss exactly that kind of breakdown.
Is an oral AOD-9604 product backed by a study?
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One animal study gave it by mouth, and that is the whole oral record among these sources. In obese Zucker rats, the researchers gave daily treatment with an oral dose of AOD9604 for 19 days.6 The authors then wrote that it may have the potential to be developed into an orally usable and safe therapeutic agent for obesity.6 That was a proposal for future work, made from a rat experiment, and no human result on a swallowed form appears in the research behind this page. A rat result like that does not tell a buyer whether a capsule sold today works or holds what it says, so it is a different purchase from an injectable vial, with even less behind it.
Is AOD-9604 sold in blends or stacks?
animal model
Buyers often meet it alongside other growth-hormone peptides, and a blend makes every checking problem harder. A 2026 orthopaedic review groups it with ipamorelin, CJC-1295, tesamorelin and sermorelin, writing that these and AOD-9604 activate IGF-1 signaling and satellite cell repair.9 That grouping is how blends get built, yet a 2001 study reported that AOD9604 does not compete for the hGH receptor, so it is not clear the grouping holds.10 The only combination with a published result was AOD-9604 with hyaluronic acid, injected into damaged rabbit knees, where the pair did better than either alone in the collagenase-induced knee OA rabbit model.11 A blended vial needs an identity result for every compound in it, and its stated amounts cannot be checked by a single purity figure. More is in a blend than in a single vial, but less of it can be confirmed.
How much does AOD-9604 cost?
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We carry no price, and no source among the research behind this page reports one. Price is commercial information, and none of the reviews, trials or seizure reports records it. What the literature does record is the reason a low price and a high price can describe the same uncertainty: a 2026 review lists product composition and dose among the unknowns in unregulated supply chains.2 A price reflects the seller rather than the contents. Two vials at very different prices may hold the same thing, or very different things, and nothing on the label can tell a reader which. Only a batch-matched laboratory report gets near that question, so the cost that matters most is that of verifying a vial rather than buying one.
Is there a regulatory record to search for AOD-9604?
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Not in the usual place. Among the research behind this page, no FDA recall or enforcement entry names AOD-9604, because no approved product exists for a recall to attach to. The record that does exist sits in sport. A 2015 paper states that AOD9604 may be used as a performance enhancing drug and is banned by the World Anti-doping Agency (WADA).1 A 2014 review places it among new drug entities, discontinued therapeutics, and 'tailored' compounds classified as doping agents according to the regulations of the World Anti-Doping Agency.12 An empty recall list is not the same as a clean history. It means no regulator was ever responsible for this supply, so nobody was in a position to recall anything.
What we don’t know
The gaps in the evidence matter as much as the findings.
- 01What retail vials sold as AOD-9604 contain. The two analyses among the research behind this page were of seized material, and neither abstract reports purity, amount or contamination.
- 02Whether any seller is more reliable than another. No study, agency or register in these sources evaluates them.
- 03Who manufactures the material behind a trading name. Nobody outside an approved route is obliged to disclose a maker, and no public register links the two.
- 04Whether material on sale is sterile. Sterility needs its own test, and none is reported for AOD-9604 in these sources.
- 05What AOD-9604 costs. No price appears in any study, review or register we cite.
- 06Whether an oral form does anything. The only oral data come from a 19-day rat study, and no human result on a swallowed form is published among these sources.
- 07Whether blends hold what their labels say. No analysis of a multi-peptide vial containing AOD-9604 appears in the research behind this page.
Sources
- 1Detection and in vitro metabolism of AOD9604 Drug Test Anal 2015. doi:10.1002/dta.1715primary research
- 2The emerging landscape of performance-enhancing peptides modulating GH-IGF1 axis: bridging the gap between clinical evidence and patient self-administration Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2026. doi:10.3389/fendo.2026.1822475review
- 3Safety and Efficacy of Approved and Unapproved Peptide Therapies for Musculoskeletal Injuries and Athletic Performance Sports Med 2026. doi:10.1007/s40279-026-02437-0review
- 4AOD-9604 Metabolic Curr Opin Investig Drugs 2004. PMID 15134286review
- 5Current updates in the medical management of obesity Recent Pat Endocr Metab Immune Drug Discov 2012. doi:10.2174/187221412800604644review
- 6Metabolic studies of a synthetic lipolytic domain (AOD9604) of human growth hormone Horm Res 2000. doi:10.1159/000053183animal model
- 7Identification and characterization of peptide drugs in unknown pharmaceutical preparations seized by the Belgian authorities: case report on AOD9604 Drug Test Anal 2014. doi:10.1002/dta.1687human case report
- 8Detecting peptidic drugs, drug candidates and analogs in sports doping: current status and future directions Expert Rev Proteomics 2014. doi:10.1586/14789450.2014.965159primary research
- 9Therapeutic Peptides in Orthopaedics: Applications, Challenges, and Future Directions J Am Acad Orthop Surg Glob Res Rev 2026. doi:10.5435/JAAOSGlobal-D-25-00236review
- 10Increase of fat oxidation and weight loss in obese mice caused by chronic treatment with human growth hormone or a modified C-terminal fragment Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2001. doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0801740animal model
- 11Effect of Intra-articular Injection of AOD9604 with or without Hyaluronic Acid in Rabbit Osteoarthritis Model Ann Clin Lab Sci 2015. PMID 26275694animal model
- 12Analytical approaches for the detection of emerging therapeutics and non-approved drugs in human doping controls J Pharm Biomed Anal 2014. doi:10.1016/j.jpba.2014.05.020review
